International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science

Factors Influencing the Barriers to Performing Five Daily Prayers among Muslim Inpatients at RSUP Dr. Kariadi

Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro — 2025-04-26

Background: Prayer is a fundamental obligation for Muslims, performed five times daily. For hospitalized Muslim patients, maintaining regular prayer routines can be challenging due to physical limitations, hospital infrastructure barriers, lack of religious knowledge, and insufficient support from healthcare providers. Objective: This study aims to identify the barriers Muslim inpatients face in performing prayers and to propose recommendations for improving spiritual accommodations in hospital settings.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at RSUP Dr. Kariadi using in-depth interviews and participatory observation. Thirty Muslim inpatients, along with family members and medical personnel, were involved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observations, then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify major influencing factors.
Results: Physical limitations such as pain (40%), difficulty standing (50%), and movement restrictions from medical devices (33.3%) were key barriers. Facility-related issues, including inaccessible prayer rooms (70%) and lack of prayer aids (55%), significantly impacted patients' ability to pray. Religious knowledge gaps were notable, with 60% of patients unaware of permissible prayer adjustments (rukhsah). Furthermore, 80% reported no assistance from healthcare staff in facilitating prayer. Psychological factors such as stress (30%) and fatigue (25%) also affected patients' motivation, while encouragement from family and staff (50%) positively influenced prayer practices. Conclusion: Muslim inpatients encounter multiple barriers to performing prayers during hospitalization. Structured interventions, including improving hospital facilities, providing religious education, and training healthcare providers in spiritual care, are essential to support the spiritual well-being of Muslim patients.

Effect of Typhonium flagelliforme Extract on the Viability of Colorectal Cancer Cells HCT-116

Nadya Audina N Sadikin — 2025-04-26

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, with rising incidence rates, particularly among younger individuals [1]. Conventional treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, often cause severe side effects, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Typhonium flagelliforme, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, has been investigated for its cytotoxic potential against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. Objective: This study assessed the cytotoxic effects of T. flagelliforme extract on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells using the MTT assay. Methods: The cytotoxicity of Typhonium flagelliforme (T. flagelliforme ) extract on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells was assessed using the MTT assay after 24 hours of treatment with different concentrations (20–100 µg/mL). Results: The findings revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC₅₀ value of 73.47 µg/mL, indicating moderate cytotoxic activity. Higher extract concentrations (100–60 µg/mL) significantly decreased cell viability, while the lowest concentration (20 µg/mL) showed a paradoxical increase, possibly due to a hormesis effect. Conclusion: The findings revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC₅₀ value of 73.47 µg/mL, indicating moderate cytotoxic activity.

Hypoxic MSCs Secretome Modulates IL-18-Mediated Inflammatory in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AP-1 Regulation

Fajar Amansyah — 2025-04-26

Background: Chronic inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), contributing to the progression of metabolic dysfunction characterized by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of the hypoxic MSCs secretome (SH-MSCs) in reducing inflammation of a T2DM rat model. Methods: T2DM was induced in Wistar rats through a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by streptozotocin (STZ) administration. A total of 24 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: healthy control, T2DM, T2DM + metformin, T2DM + SH-MSCs. Results: SH-MSCs significantly reduced IL-18 mRNA expression, a key indicator of proinflammation, and suppressed the expression of AP-1 mRNA, a crucial proinflammatory transcription factor. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SH-MSCs as an alternative approach to alleviate inflammation in T2DM.

The Role of Nigella Sativa and Phyllanthus Urinaria L Extracts Enhance Inflammation Cytokine and Growth factor in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Conditioned Medium

Dian Respati Ayu — 2025-04-26

Background: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are cells that have the multipotent ability to undergo self-renewal, differentiate and secrete various bioactive substances, such as chemokines, proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), growth factors, and cytokines. Conditioned medium of MSC is a medium resulting from cell culture enriched with the secretome of the cultured cells. MSC-CM treated with certain factors can increase the production of growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF, which play a role in angiogenesis and tissue repair. Modification of MSC-CM with bioactive compounds can be a promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of MSCs in medical therapy. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether these herbal extracts can modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6) and growth factors (SDF-1, PDGF, VEGF) in MSC conditioned medium. Methods: This study used a pre-post research design with four treatment groups. Medium culture of MSCs treated with Nigella sativa (doses of 10 µg/mL) and Phyllanthus urinaria L (doses of 25 µg/mL), which were cultured for 24 and 48 hours. Measurement of cytokine and growth factor levels was carried out using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method for quantitative analysis. Results: The data reveal distinct patterns in the modulation of protein levels, particularly for SDF-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, which are critical players in inflammation and tissue regeneration. Conclusion: This study showed that the Nigella sativa and Phyllanthus urinaria L extracts in modifying conditioned medium of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is significant release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.

Temporal Dynamics of TNF-α Expression and Cell Viability in LPS-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Dini Cahyani — 2025-04-26

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key component of Gram-negative bacterial membranes, activates innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study aimed to evaluate the temporal dynamics of TNF-α expression and cell viability in LPS-stimulated PBMCs to understand the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of prolonged LPS exposure. Methods: Human PBMCs were treated with increasing concentrations of LPS (10, 30, and 50 ng/mL) for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours. TNF-α mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR, while cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assay and microscopic imaging. Results: LPS stimulation induced a robust, dose-dependent upregulation of TNF-α expression, peaking at 4 hours and gradually declining over time. Concurrently, PBMC viability remained stable up to 12 hours post-stimulation but significantly decreased at 24 hours, particularly at higher LPS concentrations (30–50 ng/mL). Microscopic analysis revealed increased cellular aggregation and morphological changes consistent with immune activation and cytotoxic stress. Conclusion:
LPS triggers early TNF-α expression in PBMCs through TLR4-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway. However, prolonged exposure to LPS results in decreased cell viability, likely due to sustained inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress. These findings provide insight into the dual-phase response of PBMCs to LPS and underscore the importance of tightly regulated inflammation in innate immunity.