International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science

Hypoxia-Preconditioned MSCs for Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Ovine Fracture Case

Okky Ardianto, Berlian Ramadhanti — Mon, 22 Dec 2025 01:48:57 +0000

Background: Bone fracture is a common clinical issue that occurs in humans and animals. The fracture-wound healing process may have a variable duration since several conditions interfere with tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy offers regenerative potential. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of hypoxia umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) secretome on fracture wound healing in sheep. Methods: A one-year-old male thin-tailed sheep (Ovis aries) weighing 25 kg had a fracture in the hindlimb digits. The sheep was treated with hypoxia MSC secretome injection thoroughly at the wound area. MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord and cultured. The cell culture was conditioned in a hypoxic environment (1 – 5% O2). Results: The results showed that secretome application significantly accelerated the fracture wound healing process. Conclusion: This finding indicates that the hypoxia UC-MSC secretome has the potential as a non-cellular regenerative approach in animal orthopaedic cases.

Preliminary Study on Long Fixation in Histological Preparations of Internal Organs of Sprague Dawley Rats

Mon, 22 Dec 2025 01:49:25 +0000

Histotechnology is a series of processes ranging from tissue handling to the preparation of slides that can be observed under a microscope. One crucial stage in this process is fixation, which serves to preserve the structure and morphology of the tissue as close as possible to its original physiological state. However, prolonged fixation duration may lead to tissue hardening, dissolution, and structural damage. This study aims to obtain supporting data for the development of a standard operating procedure (SOP) in histotechnology that can be applied in the animal house and histology laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. The results showed that fixation for three weeks caused morphological damage to the kidney, liver, and pancreas of Sprague Dawley rats. The findings included tissue perforation in all three organs, endothelial nuclear damage in the kidney, central vein wall damage in the liver, and cellular disintegration in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a fixation duration of three weeks does not produce optimal histological images and therefore cannot be used as a reference for establishing a standard histotechnology SOP in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.

Targeting Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress via Natural Antioxidant Modulation: From Cellular Signaling to Therapeutic Perspectives

Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hypoxia is a fundamental physiological and pathological condition that disrupts cellular homeostasis through the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and organ dysfunction. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense mechanisms is a key contributor to cell injury and disease progression. This review aims to elucidate the molecular interactions among major redox-sensitive signaling pathways hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants in modulating these pathways. Relevant literature published over the past five years (2020-2025) was systematically reviewed using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The selected studies focused on molecular redox signaling, hypoxia-induced oxidative mechanisms, and the modulatory roles of natural phytochemicals such as Ficus carica bioactive compounds. Recent findings reveal that natural antioxidants regulate redox signaling by activating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant responses, suppressing NF-κB driven inflammation, and stabilizing HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions. Phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids and polyphenols, exhibit strong potential to restore oxidative balance, protect cellular integrity, and reduce hypoxia-induced damage. Modulating hypoxia-induced oxidative stress through natural antioxidant pathways offers a promising therapeutic strategy. A deeper understanding of the molecular crosstalk between redox signaling and phytochemical activity may provide new insights for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions against hypoxia-related disorders.

Clinical Interpretation of Urinalysis for Early Detection of Kidney Disorders: A Narrative Review

Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with a steadily increasing prevalence and often remains asymptomatic in its early stages. This silent progression contributes to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Urinalysis is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive examination that remains relevant as an early screening tool to detect renal abnormalities before clinical manifestations appear. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the latest scientific evidence regarding the diagnostic value of urinalysis in the early detection of kidney disorders by highlighting the physical, chemical, and microscopic parameters of urine. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025 with the keywords urinalysis, kidney disease, early detection, uACR, and eGFR. Only English- or Indonesian-language articles relevant to the topic and containing empirical data were included. Results: Urinalysis has been shown to provide early indicators of proteinuria, hematuria, and pathological casts that reflect glomerular and tubular injury. Integration of urinalysis results with uACR and eGFR measurements, as recommended by KDIGO 2024, improves diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Additionally, automated digital microscopy and emerging biomarkers such as NGAL and KIM-1 show substantial potential in strengthening early detection capabilities. Discussion and Clinical Implications: Urinalysis not only serves as a screening tool but also holds prognostic value in guiding follow-up and clinical management of high-risk individuals. Proper interpretation of urinalysis findings can assist clinicians in determining the need for further assessment, initiating earlier interventions, and optimizing prevention of CKD progression. Conclusion: Urinalysis remains an essential basic examination for the early detection of kidney impairment. Its integrated application with modern laboratory parameters can enhance diagnostic effectiveness, accelerate clinical intervention, and reduce the global burden of chronic kidney disease.

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles in Targeting Emerging and Persistent Viral Reservoirs Beyond Respiratory Viruses: A Narrative Review

Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Persistent viral infections remain a significant global health challenge, with viral reservoirs in anatomically and immunologically privileged sites evading conventional therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors, including the secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerative properties. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived secretome and EVs in targeting viral reservoirs beyond respiratory infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, herpesviruses, and emerging arboviruses. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025, focusing on MSC secretome, extracellular vesicles, viral reservoirs, and persistent viral infections. Results: MSC secretome and EVs demonstrate multifaceted antiviral mechanisms including direct viral inhibition, immunomodulation of host responses, tissue repair of virus-induced damage, and potential targeting of latent viral reservoirs. Evidence from in vitro, animal models, and limited clinical studies suggests efficacy against HIV latent reservoirs, chronic hepatitis B and C infections, cytomegalovirus reactivation, and dengue-induced pathology. Key bioactive components include microRNAs, cytokines, growth factors, and antimicrobial peptides that collectively modulate viral replication and host immunity. Conclusion: MSC-derived therapeutics represent a novel approach to addressing persistent viral infections, although significant challenges remain in standardization, scalability, delivery methods, and clinical translation. Future research should focus on optimizing EV production, identifying specific bioactive components, elucidating the mechanisms of reservoir penetration, and conducting rigorous clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety profiles of these products.