Non-Contact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) Modulate the mRNA Expression of PDGF and IL-1 in DMBA-induced Breast Cancer Rat
Keywords:
Breast Cancer, ECCT, PDGF, IL-1, Gene Expression
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women globally, with significant mortality rates. Traditional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are associated with severe side effects and resistance, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a promising non-invasive approach that uses low-intensity electric fields to selectively target cancer cells. Objective: This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ECCT, particularly its effects on key molecules such as PDGF and IL-1 in a DMBA-induced rat breast cancer model. Materials and Methods: The study used a post-test-only control group design with four groups: NINT (normal tissue), NIT (untreated tumor tissue), INT (DMBA-induced tumor tissue), and IT (ECCT-treated tumor tissue). ECCT was applied at 150 kHz for 21 days. mRNA expressions of PDGF and IL-1 were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Results: ECCT significantly reduced the mRNA expression of PDGF and IL-1 in treated tumor tissues (IT) compared to untreated tumor tissues (INT), bringing their levels closer to those observed in normal tissue (NINT). This suggests that ECCT downregulates key pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory molecules involved in tumor progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the non-contact ECCT with a frequency of 150 kHz might downregulate PDGF and IL-1 mRNA expression in rat breast tumor tissue.
References
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10. Pratiwi R, Yudi Antara N, Gunawan Fadliansyah L, Arif Ardiansyah S, Nurhidayat L, Nurwening Sholikhah E, et al. Open Peer Review CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jul 15]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20727.1
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13. Nismayanti A, Baidillah MR, Triwikantoro, Endarko, Taruno WP. Wire-mesh capacitance tomography for treatment planning system of electro-capacitive cancer therapy. J Teknol. 2021;83(6):109–15.
14. Alamsyah F, Pratiwi R, Firdausi N, Mesak Pello JI, Evi S, Nugraheni D, et al. Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations] report report. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27952.1
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17. Alamsyah F, Fadhlurrahman AG, Pello JI, Firdausi N, Evi S, Karima FN, et al. PO-111 Non-contact electric fields inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells in animal models and induce local immune reaction. ESMO Open. 2018 Jun;3:A269.
18. Dominguez-Brauer C, Thu KL, Mason JM, Blaser H, Bray MR, Mak TW. Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies. Mol Cell. 2015;60(4):524–36.
19. Pu X, Storr SJ, Zhang Y, Rakha EA, Green AR, Ellis IO, et al. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in breast cancer: caspase-3 is associated with survival. Apoptosis [Internet]. 2017 Mar 31 [cited 2021 Feb 1];22(3):357–68. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10495-016-1323-5
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21. Wang J, Wu L-L, Zhang Y, Purnami SW, Putra RS, Edina AI, et al. You may also like Establishing a survival prediction model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on CT and histopathological images Cox Model Survival Analysis to Evaluate Treatment of Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) For Cancer Patients. J Phys. 2021;12036.
22. Andiani L, Endarko, Al Huda M, Taruno WP. A novel method for analyzing electric field distribution of electro capacitive cancer treatment (ECCT) using wire mesh electrodes: A case study of brain cancer therapy. EuroMediterranean Biomed J. 2017;12(38):178–83.
23. Alamsyah F, Niswah Ajrina I, Nur F, Dewi A, Iskandriati D, Prabandari SA, et al. Antiproliferative Effect of Electric Fields on Breast Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Indones J Cancer Chemoprevention [Internet]. 2015 Oct 31 [cited 2021 Apr 22];6(3):71–7. Available from: https://www.ijcc.chemoprev.org/index.php/ijcc/article/view/88
24. Efek Terapi Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) terhadap Profil Leukosit dan Rasio CD4+/CD8+ Sukarelawan Sehat [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/189145
25. Purnami SW, Putra RS, Edina AI, Pertiwi IN, Sukur E, Soraya N. Cox Model Survival Analysis to Evaluate Treatment of Electro-Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) For Cancer Patients. J Phys Conf Ser [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Jul 5];1863(1):012036. Available from: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1863/1/012036
26. Pratiwi R, Antara NY, Fadliansyah LG, Ardiansyah SA, Nurhidayat L, Sholikhah EN, et al. CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. F1000Research [Internet]. 2020 Jul 23 [cited 2021 Mar 25];8:1770. Available from: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20727.1
27. Pratiwi R, Antara NY, Fadliansyah LG, Ardiansyah SA, Nurhidayat L, Sholikhah EN, et al. CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo. F1000Research. 2019;8.
28. Hanahan D. Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022;12(1):31–46.
29. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell [Internet]. 2011;144(5):646–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
30. Tabl AA, Alkhateeb A, ElMaraghy W, Rueda L, Ngom A. A machine learning approach for identifying gene biomarkers guiding the treatment of breast cancer. Front Genet. 2019;10(MAR):256.
31. APAF-1 Is a Transcriptional Target of p53 in DNA Damage-induced Apoptosis | Cancer Research | American Association for Cancer Research [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 26]. Available from: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/61/18/6660/507965/APAF-1-Is-a-Transcriptional-Target-of-p53-in-DNA
32. Jemmerson R, Staskus K, Higgins L, Conklin K, Kelekar A. Intracellular leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 competes with Apaf-1 for binding cytochrome c in protecting MCF-7 breast cancer cells from apoptosis. Apoptosis [Internet]. 123AD [cited 2022 Jul 26];1:71–82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-020-01647-9
33. Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Asiri A, Soliman KFA. Rosmarinic acid-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Oct 15;885.
34. Petrarca CR, Brunetto AT, Duval V, Brondani A, Carvalho GP, Garicochea B. Survivin as a predictive biomarker of complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II and stage III breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer [Internet]. 2011 Apr [cited 2021 Feb 11];11(2):129–34. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569999
35. Jha K, Shukla M, Pandey M. Survivin expression and targeting in breast cancer [Internet]. Vol. 21, Surgical Oncology. Surg Oncol; 2012 [cited 2021 Feb 11]. p. 125–31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21334875/
36. Hwang B, Song JH, Park SL, Kim JT, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Carnosine impedes pdgf-stimulated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and sprout outgrowth ex vivo. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):1–18.
37. Ibaraki H, Kanazawa T, Kurano T, Oogi C, Takashima Y, Seta Y. Anti-RelA siRNA-Encapsulated Flexible Liposome with Tight Junction-Opening Peptide as a Non-invasive Topical Therapeutic for Atopic Dermatitis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2019;42(7):1216–25.
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Published
2024-12-10
How to Cite
Hidayah, N., Sakinah, F. N., & Annisa, D. R. (2024). Non-Contact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) Modulate the mRNA Expression of PDGF and IL-1 in DMBA-induced Breast Cancer Rat. International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science, 2(6), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.59278/cbs.v2i6.44
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