Inhibitory Effects of Petai Peel Extract Gel on Tyrosinase and TRP1 Gene Expression in UVB-Exposed Mouse Skin
Keywords:
UVB exposure, Stink bean peel extract, Tyrosinase, TRP1
Abstract
Background: UVB irradiation can induce the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which causes the activation of melanin synthesis through the activation of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1). Secondary metabolites in stink bean peel extract inhibit ROS production due to exposure to UVB rays. This study aims to determine the effect of administering stink bean peel extract gel on the expression of the tyrosinase and TRp1 genes in mouse skin tissue exposed to UVB. Method: The research design was a posttest-only control group with a completely randomized design method. The samples studied were 24 mice exposed to UVB light with a wavelength of 302 nm and an energy of 390mJ/cm2/day 3 times a week for 2 weeks. This research was carried out in four groups: the healthy group, the negative control group, treatment 1 (T1) with 10% stink bean peel extract gel, and treatment 2 (T2) with 20% stink bean peel extract gel. Tyrosinase and TRP1 gene expression were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: qRT-PCR analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in tyrosinase and TRP1 gene expression between groups T1 (tyrosinase 3,19±2,12 and TRP1 4,96±3,42) and T2 (tyrosinase 0,65±0,44 and TRP1 2,22±1,18) compared to negative control (tyrosinase 17,92±3,77 and TRP1 35,91±4,52). Conclusion: The administration of stink bean peel extract gel has shown promising results in reducing the expression of tyrosinase and TRP1 genes in hyperpigmentation mice exposed to UVB light. This suggests that stink bean peel extract could be a safe and effective therapeutic approach for preventing UVB-induced hyperpigmentation.
References
1 Buechner N, Schroeder P, Jakob S, Kunze K, Maresch T, Calles C et al. Changes of MMP-1 and collagen type Iα1 by UVA, UVB and IRA are differentially regulated by Trx-1. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43: 633–637.
2 Wölfle U, Esser PR, Simon-Haarhaus B, Martin SF, Lademann J, Schempp CM. UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50: 1081–1093.
3 Niu C, Aisa HA. Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity: Potential Agents for Vitiligo. Molecules 2017; 22. doi:10.3390/molecules22081303.
4 Kim SS, Kim MJ, Choi YH, Kim BK, Kim KS, Park KJ et al. Down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expressions by citrus press-cakes in murine B16 F10 melanoma. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 617–622.
5 Xue L, Li Y, Zhao B, Chen T, Dong Y, Fan R et al. TRP-2 mediates coat color pigmentation in sheep skin. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17: 5869–5877.
6 Hada M, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D. Serum retinol and risk of overall and site-specific cancer in the ATBC study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189: 532–542.
7 Baliña LM, Graupe K. The Treatment of Melasma 20% Azelaic Acid versus 4% Hydroquinone Cream. Int J Dermatol 1991; 30: 893–895.
8 Rittié L, Fisher GJ. Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5: 1–14.
9 Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Ebell M, Epling JW et al. Screening for skin cancer US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association 2016; 316: 429–435.
10 Ibrahim N, Haluska FG. Molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 2009; 4: 551–579.
11 Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Flavonoids, inflammation and immune system. Nutrients 2016; 8: 8–11.
12 Andy S, Najatullah, Nugroho Trilaksana, Neni Susilaningsih. The Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Collagen Density and Numbers of New Capillary Vessel Count on Wistar Rats Burn Wound. Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 2022; 6: 1936–1941.
13 Siow HL, Gan CY. Extraction of antioxidative and antihypertensive bioactive peptides from Parkia speciosa seeds. Food Chem 2013; 141: 3435–3442.
14 Izzah Ahmad N, Abdul Rahman S, Leong Y-H, Azizul NH. A Review on the Phytochemicals of Parkia Speciosa, Stinky Beans as Potential Phytomedicine. J Food Sci Nutr Res 2019; 02. doi:10.26502/jfsnr.2642-11000017.
15 Tuerxuntayi A, Liu Y qiang, Tulake A, Kabas M, Eblimit A, Aisa HA. Kaliziri extract upregulates tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expression in murine B16 melanoma cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14: 1–9.
16 You YJ, Wu PY, Liu YJ, Hou CW, Wu CS, Wen KC et al. Sesamol inhibited ultraviolet radiation-induced hyperpigmentation and damage in C57BL/6 mouse skin. Antioxidants 2019; 8: 1–16.
17 Hermansyah D, Paramita DA, Muhar AM, Amalina ND. Curcuma longa extract inhibits migration by reducing MMP-9 and Rac-1 expression in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19: 157–166.
18 Hermansyah D, Munir D, Lelo A, Putra A, Amalina ND, Alif I. The Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri Extracts on Promoting Apoptotic Pathways in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022; 46: 541–550.
19 Jenie RI, Amalina ND, Hermawan A, Suzery M, Putra A, Meiyanto E. Caesalpinia sappan reduces the stemness of breast cancer stem cells involving the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. 2023http://journals.lww.com/rips.
20 Cahyono B, Amalina ND, Suzery M, Bima DN. Exploring the capability of indonesia natural medicine secondary metabolite as potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 proteins to prevent virulence of COVID-19: In silico and bioinformatic approach. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021; 9: 336–342.
21 Tjipta A, Hermansyah D, Suzery M, Cahyono B, Amalina ND. Application of Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Important Pathways and Hub Genes in Breast Cancer Affected by HER-2. International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science 2022; 1: 18–27.
22 Hidayat M, Kusumo B, Husain SA, Amalina ND, Id HA. Secretome MSCs restore α-Smooth Muscle Actin Protein Tissue Expression in Croton Oil-Induced Hemorrhoid rats. 2023.
23 Daryanti E, Putra A, Sumarawati T, Amalina ND, Prasetio A, Sidiq HA. The Comparison of Normoxic and Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regulating Platelet-derived Growth Factors and Collagen Serial Levels in Skin Excision Animal Models. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023; 11: 181–187.
24 Amalina ND, Salsabila IA, Zulfin UM, Jenie RI, Meiyanto E. In vitro synergistic effect of hesperidin and doxorubicin downregulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35. doi:10.1186/s43046-023-00166-3.
25 Utami A, Putra A, Wibowo JW, Amalina ND, Satria Irawan RC. Hypoxic secretome mesenchymal stem cells inhibiting interleukin-6 expression prevent oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Med Glas (Zenica) 2023; 20. doi:10.17392/1538-23.
26 Prajoko YW, Putra A, Dirja BT, Muhar AM, Amalina ND. The Ameliorating Effects of MSCs in Controlling Treg-mediated B-Cell Depletion by Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase Induction in PBMC of SLE Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022; 10: 6–11.
27 Zukhiroh Z, Putra A, Chodidjah C, Sumarawati T, Subchan P, Trisnadi S et al. Effect of Secretome-Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulating SOD and MMP-1 mRNA Expressions in Skin Hyperpigmentation Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022; 10: 1–7.
28 Fredianto M, Herman H, Ismiarto YD, Putra A, Alif I, Amalina ND et al. Secretome of hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells enhance the expression of HIF-1a and bFGF in a rotator cuff tear model. Med Glas 2023; 20: 242–248.
29 Kobayashi T, Urabe K, Winder A, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Imokawa G, Brewington T et al. Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis. EMBO Journal 1994; 13: 5818–5825.
30 Nishioka E, Funasaka Y, Kondoh H, Chakraborty AK, Mishima Y, Ichihashi M. Expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 in ultraviolet-irradiated human melanomas and melanocytes: TRP-2 protects melanoma cells from ultraviolet B induced apoptosis. Melanoma Res. 1999; 9: 433–443.
31 Levy C, Khaled M, Fisher DE. MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12: 406–414.
32 Alam MB, Bajpai VK, Lee JI, Zhao P, Byeon JH, Ra JS et al. Inhibition of melanogenesis by jineol from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans via MAP-Kinase mediated MITF downregulation and the proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1–12.
33 Hori I, Nihei K, Kubo I. Structural criteria for depigmenting mechanism of arbutin. Phytotherapy Research 2004; 18: 475–479.
34 Kamisah Y, Othman F, Qodriyah HMS, Jaarin K. Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013; 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/709028.
35 Chhikara N, Devi HR, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gupta P, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds, food applications and health benefits of Parkia speciosa (stinky beans): A review. Agric Food Secur. 2018; 7. doi:10.1186/s40066-018-0197-x.
36 Gui JS, Jalil J, Jubri Z, Kamisah Y. Parkia speciosa empty pod extract exerts anti-inflammatory properties by modulating NFκB and MAPK pathways in cardiomyocytes exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α. Cytotechnology 2019; 71: 79–89.
37 Suzery M, Cahyono B, Amalina ND. Citrus sinensis (L) peels extract inhibits metastasis of breast cancer cells by targeting the downregulation matrix metalloproteinases-9. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021; 9: 464–469.
38 Putri RS, Putra A, Chodidjah, Darlan DM, Trisnadi S, Thomas S et al. Clitorea ternatea flower extract induces platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) and gpx gene overexpression in ultraviolet (uv) b irradiationinduced collagen loss. Med Glas 2023; 20: 15–21.
39 Villareal MO, Kume S, Neffati M, Isoda H. Upregulation of Mitf by Phenolic Compounds-Rich Cymbopogon schoenanthus Treatment Promotes Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells and Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/8303671.
40 Pierrat MJ, Marsaud V, Mauviel A, Javelaud D. Expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is critical for melanoma progression, is inhibited by both transcription factor GLI2 and transforming growth factor-β. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012; 287: 17996–18004.
41 Slominski A. L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as hormone-like regulators of melanocytes functions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 72: 181–204.
42 Park JS, Kim DH, Lee JK, Lee JY, Kim DH, Kim HK et al. Natural ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives from aged Korean fermented soybean paste as potent tyrosinase and melanin formation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20: 1162–1164.
2 Wölfle U, Esser PR, Simon-Haarhaus B, Martin SF, Lademann J, Schempp CM. UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50: 1081–1093.
3 Niu C, Aisa HA. Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity: Potential Agents for Vitiligo. Molecules 2017; 22. doi:10.3390/molecules22081303.
4 Kim SS, Kim MJ, Choi YH, Kim BK, Kim KS, Park KJ et al. Down-regulation of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expressions by citrus press-cakes in murine B16 F10 melanoma. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 617–622.
5 Xue L, Li Y, Zhao B, Chen T, Dong Y, Fan R et al. TRP-2 mediates coat color pigmentation in sheep skin. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17: 5869–5877.
6 Hada M, Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D. Serum retinol and risk of overall and site-specific cancer in the ATBC study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189: 532–542.
7 Baliña LM, Graupe K. The Treatment of Melasma 20% Azelaic Acid versus 4% Hydroquinone Cream. Int J Dermatol 1991; 30: 893–895.
8 Rittié L, Fisher GJ. Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5: 1–14.
9 Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Ebell M, Epling JW et al. Screening for skin cancer US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association 2016; 316: 429–435.
10 Ibrahim N, Haluska FG. Molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 2009; 4: 551–579.
11 Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Flavonoids, inflammation and immune system. Nutrients 2016; 8: 8–11.
12 Andy S, Najatullah, Nugroho Trilaksana, Neni Susilaningsih. The Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Collagen Density and Numbers of New Capillary Vessel Count on Wistar Rats Burn Wound. Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 2022; 6: 1936–1941.
13 Siow HL, Gan CY. Extraction of antioxidative and antihypertensive bioactive peptides from Parkia speciosa seeds. Food Chem 2013; 141: 3435–3442.
14 Izzah Ahmad N, Abdul Rahman S, Leong Y-H, Azizul NH. A Review on the Phytochemicals of Parkia Speciosa, Stinky Beans as Potential Phytomedicine. J Food Sci Nutr Res 2019; 02. doi:10.26502/jfsnr.2642-11000017.
15 Tuerxuntayi A, Liu Y qiang, Tulake A, Kabas M, Eblimit A, Aisa HA. Kaliziri extract upregulates tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF expression in murine B16 melanoma cells. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14: 1–9.
16 You YJ, Wu PY, Liu YJ, Hou CW, Wu CS, Wen KC et al. Sesamol inhibited ultraviolet radiation-induced hyperpigmentation and damage in C57BL/6 mouse skin. Antioxidants 2019; 8: 1–16.
17 Hermansyah D, Paramita DA, Muhar AM, Amalina ND. Curcuma longa extract inhibits migration by reducing MMP-9 and Rac-1 expression in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19: 157–166.
18 Hermansyah D, Munir D, Lelo A, Putra A, Amalina ND, Alif I. The Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Curcuma longa and Phyllanthus niruri Extracts on Promoting Apoptotic Pathways in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022; 46: 541–550.
19 Jenie RI, Amalina ND, Hermawan A, Suzery M, Putra A, Meiyanto E. Caesalpinia sappan reduces the stemness of breast cancer stem cells involving the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. 2023http://journals.lww.com/rips.
20 Cahyono B, Amalina ND, Suzery M, Bima DN. Exploring the capability of indonesia natural medicine secondary metabolite as potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 proteins to prevent virulence of COVID-19: In silico and bioinformatic approach. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021; 9: 336–342.
21 Tjipta A, Hermansyah D, Suzery M, Cahyono B, Amalina ND. Application of Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Important Pathways and Hub Genes in Breast Cancer Affected by HER-2. International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science 2022; 1: 18–27.
22 Hidayat M, Kusumo B, Husain SA, Amalina ND, Id HA. Secretome MSCs restore α-Smooth Muscle Actin Protein Tissue Expression in Croton Oil-Induced Hemorrhoid rats. 2023.
23 Daryanti E, Putra A, Sumarawati T, Amalina ND, Prasetio A, Sidiq HA. The Comparison of Normoxic and Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regulating Platelet-derived Growth Factors and Collagen Serial Levels in Skin Excision Animal Models. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2023; 11: 181–187.
24 Amalina ND, Salsabila IA, Zulfin UM, Jenie RI, Meiyanto E. In vitro synergistic effect of hesperidin and doxorubicin downregulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in highly metastatic breast cancer cells. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35. doi:10.1186/s43046-023-00166-3.
25 Utami A, Putra A, Wibowo JW, Amalina ND, Satria Irawan RC. Hypoxic secretome mesenchymal stem cells inhibiting interleukin-6 expression prevent oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Med Glas (Zenica) 2023; 20. doi:10.17392/1538-23.
26 Prajoko YW, Putra A, Dirja BT, Muhar AM, Amalina ND. The Ameliorating Effects of MSCs in Controlling Treg-mediated B-Cell Depletion by Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase Induction in PBMC of SLE Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022; 10: 6–11.
27 Zukhiroh Z, Putra A, Chodidjah C, Sumarawati T, Subchan P, Trisnadi S et al. Effect of Secretome-Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Regulating SOD and MMP-1 mRNA Expressions in Skin Hyperpigmentation Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022; 10: 1–7.
28 Fredianto M, Herman H, Ismiarto YD, Putra A, Alif I, Amalina ND et al. Secretome of hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells enhance the expression of HIF-1a and bFGF in a rotator cuff tear model. Med Glas 2023; 20: 242–248.
29 Kobayashi T, Urabe K, Winder A, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Imokawa G, Brewington T et al. Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) functions as a DHICA oxidase in melanin biosynthesis. EMBO Journal 1994; 13: 5818–5825.
30 Nishioka E, Funasaka Y, Kondoh H, Chakraborty AK, Mishima Y, Ichihashi M. Expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 in ultraviolet-irradiated human melanomas and melanocytes: TRP-2 protects melanoma cells from ultraviolet B induced apoptosis. Melanoma Res. 1999; 9: 433–443.
31 Levy C, Khaled M, Fisher DE. MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12: 406–414.
32 Alam MB, Bajpai VK, Lee JI, Zhao P, Byeon JH, Ra JS et al. Inhibition of melanogenesis by jineol from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans via MAP-Kinase mediated MITF downregulation and the proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1–12.
33 Hori I, Nihei K, Kubo I. Structural criteria for depigmenting mechanism of arbutin. Phytotherapy Research 2004; 18: 475–479.
34 Kamisah Y, Othman F, Qodriyah HMS, Jaarin K. Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013; 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/709028.
35 Chhikara N, Devi HR, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gupta P, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds, food applications and health benefits of Parkia speciosa (stinky beans): A review. Agric Food Secur. 2018; 7. doi:10.1186/s40066-018-0197-x.
36 Gui JS, Jalil J, Jubri Z, Kamisah Y. Parkia speciosa empty pod extract exerts anti-inflammatory properties by modulating NFκB and MAPK pathways in cardiomyocytes exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α. Cytotechnology 2019; 71: 79–89.
37 Suzery M, Cahyono B, Amalina ND. Citrus sinensis (L) peels extract inhibits metastasis of breast cancer cells by targeting the downregulation matrix metalloproteinases-9. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021; 9: 464–469.
38 Putri RS, Putra A, Chodidjah, Darlan DM, Trisnadi S, Thomas S et al. Clitorea ternatea flower extract induces platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) and gpx gene overexpression in ultraviolet (uv) b irradiationinduced collagen loss. Med Glas 2023; 20: 15–21.
39 Villareal MO, Kume S, Neffati M, Isoda H. Upregulation of Mitf by Phenolic Compounds-Rich Cymbopogon schoenanthus Treatment Promotes Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells and Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/8303671.
40 Pierrat MJ, Marsaud V, Mauviel A, Javelaud D. Expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is critical for melanoma progression, is inhibited by both transcription factor GLI2 and transforming growth factor-β. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2012; 287: 17996–18004.
41 Slominski A. L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as hormone-like regulators of melanocytes functions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 72: 181–204.
42 Park JS, Kim DH, Lee JK, Lee JY, Kim DH, Kim HK et al. Natural ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone derivatives from aged Korean fermented soybean paste as potent tyrosinase and melanin formation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20: 1162–1164.
Published
2024-12-10
How to Cite
Hutabarat, N. L. C., Subchan, P., Putra, A., Amalina, N. D., & Sitompul, F. N. (2024). Inhibitory Effects of Petai Peel Extract Gel on Tyrosinase and TRP1 Gene Expression in UVB-Exposed Mouse Skin. International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science, 2(6), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.59278/cbs.v2i6.43
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
